Transformasi Solidaritas Sosial Masyarakat Nainggolan-Samosir melalui Pelayanan Johannes Warneck, 1893-1895

Perspektif Émile Durkheim

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the transformation of social solidarity among the Nainggolan-Samosir community through the ministry of Johannes Warneck in 1893–1895, using Émile Durkheim's perspective on social solidarity. Employing the historical method with a sociohistorical approach, the study shows that the Nainggolan community already had strong bonds of solidarity through kinship, clans, customary law (adat), and shared beliefs before Warneck's arrival. Warneck's ministry did not create new solidarity but reoriented values and practices within the existing social structure through religious instruction, education, health services, conflict resolution, and the participatory construction of worship houses and schools. This transformation was not a simple shift from mechanical to organic solidarity, but rather a change in moral orientation intertwined with social differentiation. To this day, the Nainggolan community has become increasingly differentiated, yet communal ties and church life remain important elements of social life.